I also considered it would be a good thing to include another website which might come in handy:
Make sure to check them out and comment! Cheers!
jueves, 3 de noviembre de 2016
Some cool stuff!
Here's a link for some pretty cool stuff like novels and grammar books which might be useful for you. If you don't have a Dropbox account, be sure to create one!
Verb Tenses
Verb Tenses
Verbs come in three tenses: past, present, future and these tenses also divide in simple, continuous, perfect or perfect continuous.
The past is used to describe things that have already happened (e.g. earlier in the day, yesterday, last week, three years ago). Simple past refers to things that have already happened, and are finished doing their thing. Past continuous is used when one action is happening at the time of another particular time or one action is happening at the same time as another. Past perfect tense is for talking about something that happened before something else and Past perfect continuous is used when one activity in the past was happening before or after another activity had taken place.
Likewise, The present tense is used to describe things that are happening right now, or things that are continuous. Present simple (or Simple present) is used to describe something that happens regularly. Present continuous (also called Present progressive) is used to indicate that an action or condition is happening now and may continue into the near future. The present perfect is used when an action began in the past yet is still relevant and "repeatable". The present perfect continuous is used with actions that began in the past and are still continuing.
The future tense describes things that have yet to happen (e.g. later, tomorrow, next week, next year, three years from now). Simple future is a verb tense that’s used to talk about things that haven’t happened yet. Future continuous relates one action in the future to another specific action or time. Future perfect is a verb tense used for actions that will be completed before some other point in the future. Future perfect continuous is used much like the future perfect, but one of the actions is likely to continue beyond the other and it can also be used when one action will be continuing at a certain time in the future.
Sources: https://www.grammarly.com/handbook/grammar/verbs/7/verb-tenses/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84jVz0D-KkY
Sentence connectors
Sentence connectors
Sentence connectors are used to link ideas from one sentence to the next and to give paragraphs in a text coherence. Sentence connectors perform different functions and depending on their specific function they can be classified (Addition, Cause and Effect, Contrast, Comparison, etc). They are used to introduce, order, contrast, sequence ideas, theory, data, etc, and they can also be used to develop coherence within a paragraph, that is linking one idea / argument to another. Here are some lists of common sentence connectors classified according to their use:
viernes, 21 de octubre de 2016
Keywords, semantic fields, cohesion & coherence and more!
1- Key word:
a word that is a key: a word exemplifying the meaning or value of a letter or symbol
: a significant word from a title or document used especially as an index to content
2- Semantic field:
a semantic field denotes a segment of reality symbolized by a set of related words. The words in a semantic field share a common semantic property
3- Cohesion:
a grammatical and lexical linking within a text or sentence that holds a text together and gives it meaning. It is related to the broader concept of coherence.
There are two main types of cohesion: grammatical cohesion which is based on structural content, and lexical cohesion which is based on lexical content and background knowledge. A cohesive text is created in many different ways. In Cohesion in English, M.A.K. Halliday and Ruqaiya Hasan identify five general categories of cohesive devices that create coherence in texts: reference, ellipsis, substitution, lexical cohesion and conjunction.
4- Coherence:
what makes a text semantically meaningful. It is especially dealt with in text linguistics. Coherence is achieved through syntactical features such as the use of deictic, anaphoric and cataphoric elements or a logical tense structure, as well as presuppositions and implications connected to general world knowledge. The purely linguistic elements that make a text coherent are subsumed under the term cohesion.
5- Cognates:
words that have a common etymological origin. In etymology, the cognate category excludes doublets and loan words. The word cognate derives from the Latin noun cognatus, which means "blood relative".
6- False cognates:
pairs of words that seem to be cognates because of similar sounds and meaning, but actually have different etymologies; they can be within the same language or from different languages. That is different from false friends, which may in fact be related but have different meanings.
Even though false cognates lack a common root, there may still be an indirect connection between them (for example by phono-semantic matching or folk etymology).
7- Loan word:
a word adopted from one language (the donor language) and incorporated into a different, recipient language without translation.
1- Source: Merriam-Webster's Learner's Dictionary
2- Brinton, Laurel J. (2000). The structure of modern English: a linguistic introduction. Illustrated edition. John Benjamins Publishing Company.
3- Halliday, M.A.K; and Ruqayia Hasan (1976): Cohesion in English. London: Longman.
4- De Beaugrande, Robert /Dressler, Wolfgang: Introduction to Text Linguistics. New York, 1996.
5- Crystal, David, ed. (2011). "cognate". A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics (6th ed.). Blackwell Publishing.
6- Crystal, David, ed. (2011). "false cognate". A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics (6th ed.). Blackwell Publishing
7- Grzega, Joachim (2003): “Borrowing as a Word-Finding Process in Cognitive Historical Onomasiology”, Onomasiology Online
Inferences and Inferencing
Inference: noun in·fer·ence \ˈin-f(ə-)rən(t)s, -fərn(t)s\
Simple Definition of inference : the act or process of reaching a conclusion about something from known facts or evidence : a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known facts or evidence
Source: Merriam-Webster's Learner's Dictionary
Full Definition of inference 1 : the act or process of inferring (see infer): as a : the act of passing from one proposition, statement, or judgment considered as true to another whose truth is believed to follow from that of the former b : the act of passing from statistical sample data to generalizations (as of the value of population parameters) usually with calculated degrees of certainty 2 : something that is inferred; especially : a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known facts or evidence 3 : the premises and conclusion of a process of inferring
Simple Definition of inference : the act or process of reaching a conclusion about something from known facts or evidence : a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known facts or evidence
Full Definition of inference 1 : the act or process of inferring (see infer): as a : the act of passing from one proposition, statement, or judgment considered as true to another whose truth is believed to follow from that of the former b : the act of passing from statistical sample data to generalizations (as of the value of population parameters) usually with calculated degrees of certainty 2 : something that is inferred; especially : a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known facts or evidence 3 : the premises and conclusion of a process of inferring
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