Inferences and Inferencing

Inference: noun in·fer·ence \ˈin-f(ə-)rən(t)s, -fərn(t)s\ 
Simple Definition of inference : the act or process of reaching a conclusion about something from known facts or evidence : a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known facts or evidence

Source: Merriam-Webster's Learner's Dictionary 

Full Definition of inference 1 : the act or process of inferring (see infer): as a : the act of passing from one proposition, statement, or judgment considered as true to another whose truth is believed to follow from that of the former b : the act of passing from statistical sample data to generalizations (as of the value of population parameters) usually with calculated degrees of certainty 2 : something that is inferred; especially : a conclusion or opinion that is formed because of known facts or evidence 3 : the premises and conclusion of a process of inferring